A resurgence of malaria deaths has highlighted the need for innovative solutions to combat the disease. Researchers at Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health have identified promising mosquito-targeted antimalarials that could revolutionize vector control efforts.
After years of decline, malaria deaths have plateaued due to growing resistance in mosquitoes to insecticides embedded in long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). To address this issue, the researchers designed an in vivo screen of topical compounds that target Plasmodium falciparum development in mosquitoes. Two lead compounds showed potent, long-lasting activity when incorporated into LLINs.
The study focused on compounds that are unlikely to be suitable for human use due to pharmacokinetic or safety issues, effectively repurposing them for mosquito-targeted interventions. The researchers evaluated 81 compounds known for their effectiveness against blood-stage malaria and identified 22 promising candidates spanning seven distinct biological targets.
Among these, endochin-like quinolones (ELQs) stood out, highlighting the critical role of mitochondrial function in parasite development within mosquitoes. The ELQs target two critical binding sites on the CytB complex, disrupting energy production and halting parasite development. This robust activity persists even with brief exposure and across insecticide-resistant mosquito strains.
Incorporating Qo-Qi-site ELQs into LLINs and other delivery systems represents a transformative step in malaria control. These compounds’ stability, efficacy, and resistance-mitigating properties position them as powerful tools in global eradication efforts. Future research will focus on refining these formulations and expanding testing across diverse ecological settings to provide a comprehensive path forward in reclaiming momentum against this persistent health challenge.
Source: https://www.insideprecisionmedicine.com/topics/translational-research/antimalarials-absorbed-by-mosquito-feet-kill-parasite-halt-transmission