Around 5-10% of people with COVID infections experience long COVID symptoms that last three months or more. Researchers propose several biological mechanisms, but argue that most long COVID may be driven by the virus persisting in the body.
The concept of “viral persistence” suggests that SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID, can stay in tissues and organs for extended periods. While residual viral fragments are well-established, it’s unclear if live virus is lingering and whether this causes long COVID.
Recent studies found that people with mild COVID symptoms had extended periods of shedding viral RNA from their respiratory tract, increasing their risk of long COVID. Others detected replicating viral RNA and proteins in blood fluids years after initial infection, suggesting the virus may be replicating for long periods.
The gastrointestinal tract is a potential site for persistent virus, which could contribute to increased risk of long COVID. However, formal proof that live virus can last for years in the body remains elusive due to technical challenges.
Scientists argue that cumulative evidence supports galvanizing action, including fast-tracking antiviral trials and developing new treatments. The “long infection” theory could help demystify the condition, increasing awareness among the public and medical professionals.
Reducing re-infection rates is crucial, as each subsequent COVID infection carries a risk of long COVID. Using tools like clean indoor air approaches, high-quality masks, testing, booster doses, and ventilating spaces can reduce transmission. Increased awareness should prompt clinicians to take patients more seriously in accessing existing treatments.
The development of new antiviral therapies and rapid clinical trial platforms is essential. The “long infection” theory has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of long COVID and drive progress towards prevention and treatment.
Source: https://www.sciencealert.com/mysterious-driving-factor-behind-long-covid-may-have-been-identified