The humble potato has long been a staple crop, but its origins have remained a mystery due to the lack of fossil records. A recent study published in the journal Cell has shed light on this enigma by tracing the lineage of potatoes and their likely ancestor, the tomato.
Researchers analyzed 450 genomes from cultivated and wild potato species to determine how they evolved tubers. The genes revealed that an ancient wild tomato plant ancestor naturally bred with a potato-like plant called Etuberosum around 9 million years ago. This hybrid plant was the first to grow tubers, which evolved as a way for potatoes to store nutrients underground in response to changing climates.
The study found that the genetic material from both plants contributed to the development of tubers in the first potato species. The tomato side supplied a “master switch” gene called SP6A, while the Etuberosum side provided a gene that controlled the growth of underground stems.
This chance encounter between potatoes and tomatoes led to the evolution of tuberous potatoes, which eventually became a key crop for humans. The discovery of this origin story could help scientists breed more resilient potatoes that are resistant to disease and climate change.
The study also provides insights into the evolutionary history of nightshade plants, including tomatoes and etuberosums. It highlights the importance of genomic data in understanding plant evolution and trait development.
Understanding the potato’s origin story could be crucial for breeding innovative future crops. With wheat, rice, and maize responsible for 80% of human caloric intake, potatoes are a vital component of global food systems. This study offers a new perspective on the humble spud and its remarkable journey from chance encounter to staple crop.
Source: https://edition.cnn.com/2025/07/31/science/potato-evolution-origins-tomato