Scientists at the American Geophysical Union meeting in Washington are stumped over the recent record-breaking heat that began in 2023 and has continued into 2024. The cause of this unusual warmth remains unknown, with experts citing various factors including clouds, shipping emissions, volcanic eruptions, and climate change feedback loops.
Climate researcher Robert Rohde noted that last year’s temperatures were exceptional, exceeding the previous annual record by 0.2C. While humans are primarily responsible for global warming due to burning fossil fuels, other natural phenomena like El Niño events also play a role.
New research suggests that low cloud cover in 2023 may have contributed to the increased heat, as fewer clouds meant less energy was reflected back into space. However, this raises more questions than answers.
Another potential factor is the reduction of air pollution from ships, which began in 2020 and reduced emissions by up to 90%. This decrease in sulfate aerosols could be blocking incoming solar radiation, potentially trapping heat closer to the Earth’s surface.
The Hunga Tonga volcano eruption in 2022 may also have played a role in the increased warmth. The event released massive amounts of water vapor into the atmosphere, trapping more heat near the surface.
While researchers are still seeking answers, experts acknowledge that climate change is accelerating at an alarming rate. This year’s temperatures are set to be the highest on record, surpassing the 1.5C threshold above pre-industrial levels.
With devastating consequences such as heatwaves and floods already being fueled by this increased warming, scientists emphasize the need for further research to understand the extent of climate system acceleration.
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/dec/12/record-heat-climate-crisis