The James Webb Space Telescope has revealed a new type of exoplanet that challenges our understanding of planetary formation. The discovery of a “super-Venus” exoplanet, GJ 1214 b, confirms the presence of carbon-dioxide in its atmosphere at levels similar to those found on Earth’s closest neighbor, Venus. This finding is significant as it provides insight into how planets and their atmospheres form.
Over 5,000 exoplanets have been discovered around stars other than the Sun, with many being unlike any planet in our Solar System. Astronomers have long debated whether these planets are rocky with thick hydrogen-rich atmospheres or icy worlds surrounded by water-rich atmospheres. The presence of dense clouds on these planets has made it difficult to study their atmospheres below.
An international team of researchers used the James Webb Space Telescope to study GJ 1214 b, a 48-light-year exoplanet located in the constellation Ophiuchus. The team found that the planet’s atmosphere contains carbon-dioxide levels comparable to those on Venus. While this is an exciting discovery, the data also reveals many uncertainties.
To better understand the planet’s nature, the researchers used theoretical models and “what-if” scenarios to analyze the data. Their findings suggest a carbon-dominated atmosphere, similar to a super-Venus. This suggests that GJ 1214 b may have a thick atmosphere composed mainly of carbon-dioxide, with potential implications for its habitability.
The team emphasizes the need for future studies to confirm and expand their findings on this mysterious type of exoplanet. The discovery highlights the importance of continued research into planetary formation and atmospheric composition, providing new insights into the possibilities of life beyond our Solar System.
Source: https://astrobiology.com/2025/01/super-earth-vs-sub-neptune-the-winner-is-super-venus.html