The sun’s “battle zone” — a relatively understudied phase of its solar cycle — could be even worse than solar maximum for Earth-orbiting satellites, experts warn. This period is expected to begin after solar maximum ends and will see giant coronal holes emerge on the sun.
Solar maximum marks the peak of the sun’s 11-year solar cycle, characterized by powerful solar flares and geomagnetic storms that paint vibrant auroras across the night sky. Halfway through this period, the sun’s magnetic field flips, leading to a reduction in sunspots and activity until the next solar cycle begins.
However, scientists now predict that a new phase, dubbed the “battle zone,” will occur when two Hale cycle bands are “vying for dominance” in each of the sun’s hemispheres. This could lead to significantly enhanced geomagnetic activity, including increased solar flares and coronal holes that can trigger short and extreme gusts of solar wind.
During this period, orbiting spacecraft can experience additional drag, causing them to fall back to Earth. With thousands of new satellites launched in recent years, the risks of solar weather triggering disastrous satellite malfunctions are higher than ever.
Experts warn that geomagnetic activity in the upper atmosphere could increase by up to 50% during the battle zone, making it potentially more hazardous for satellites and space operators. As the sun’s magnetic field continues to shift, scientists will closely monitor the impact on Earth-orbiting assets and businesses relying on satellite services.
Source: https://www.yahoo.com/news/fast-approaching-suns-battle-zone-130000685.html