The European Space Agency’s annual Space Environment Report has revealed that space debris is on the rise, posing a significant threat to operational satellites and spacecraft. With the number of satellite launches outpacing their disposal, the problem of debris in Earth orbit is worsening. The report estimates 54,000 objects larger than 10 centimeters across are currently in orbit, with an estimated 1.2 million smaller pieces of debris.
The Kessler syndrome, also known as the Kessler cascade, states that collisions between objects in Earth orbit will add more material, further increasing the risk of collisions and creating even more debris. This chain reaction can render certain orbits unsafe and unusable over time.
To address this issue, scientists emphasize that passive cleanup methods are insufficient; active cleaning up is necessary. The report highlights that even without new launches, the number of space debris would continue to grow due to fragmentation events.
Currently, monitoring programs track around 40,000 objects in Earth orbit, with a significant portion being operational satellites. However, the estimated amount of junk far exceeds this number. The ESA’s efforts to dispose of rocket stages and satellites through controlled atmospheric re-entries have shown positive results, with over 90% of bodies leaving orbits in compliance with new standards.
Initiatives to actively clean up space debris represent another crucial step towards resolving the issue. However, given its complexity, global cooperation will be essential. The report serves as a warning that humanity must work together to maintain a functional space environment for all users.
Source: https://www.sciencealert.com/esa-report-says-theres-too-much-junk-in-earth-orbit-trunk