Researchers in China have discovered the genes that help tiny eight-legged creatures, tardigrades (also known as water bears), withstand extreme radiation. This finding could lead to new ways of protecting astronauts on long-duration space missions.
Tardigrades are incredibly resilient animals that can survive temperatures near absolute zero, crushing pressure, and even the vacuum of space. They achieve this through a dormant state called cryptobiosis, where they dehydrate almost completely and suspend all metabolism.
In their latest study, Chinese scientists identified a new species, Hypsibius henanensis, and discovered thousands of genes that switch on when exposed to radiation. The researchers found that these genes trigger responses related to DNA repair, cell division, and immune defenses. They also identified a standout gene, DODA1, which enables tardigrades to produce pigments called betalains – powerful antioxidants that clear harmful chemicals generated by radiation inside cells.
The results of this study could lead to new technologies for protecting astronauts against space radiation, a major hurdle for future missions to Mars and beyond. By studying the biology of tardigrades, scientists may be able to develop new ways to safeguard human life in space.
Source: https://www.futura-sciences.com/en/chinese-scientists-make-an-incredible-discovery-tardigrades-could-protect-us-in-space_19895