Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that affects individuals during the winter months when there is less sunlight. According to Dr. Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist and researcher who coined the term SAD, symptoms include lack of energy, fatigue, increased appetite, weight gain, and withdrawal from social environments.
The onset of SAD typically occurs in early adulthood, with 5% of US adults experiencing it for an average of 40% of the year. Dr. Rosenthal recommends a combination of light therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes to manage SAD symptoms. Light therapy can be achieved through direct sunlight or a light box, which can help regulate serotonin levels.
Dr. Ellen Marks, interim director of Mental Health Services at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, emphasizes the importance of approaching SAD holistically and recognizing its existence on a spectrum. She recommends developing regular sleep routines, staying physically active, making time for socializing, eating balanced meals, taking advantage of daylight, and seeking counseling and education opportunities.
Marking several key points to note is vital. Most people who experience SAD have symptoms every winter but recover during the spring. If you struggle with depression all year round or have a seasonal component intertwined, there may not be seasonal affective disorder; however, you might be suffering from depression overlaid with a seasonal component. Some individuals also experience SAD-like symptoms in the summer months.
The treatment of SAD is not based on one magic cure but rather on combining different elements to address it effectively. Consulting with a medical provider before starting any new therapy is strongly advised.
Source: https://www.wpr.org/news/seasonal-affective-disorder-research-rosenthal-uw-madison-mental-health