The traditional rule of sex chromosomes in biology is being challenged. The Y chromosome, responsible for testis development, has been losing pieces over the past 300 million years. If this process continues at its current rate, the last remnants of the Y chromosome could disappear within 11 million years.
This has significant implications for human reproduction and male health. Researchers have found that men already experiencing loss of the Y chromosome in their bone marrow cells are more likely to die earlier, suffer from solid tumors and heart disease, and develop Alzheimer’s disease.
Despite these risks, some species have adapted to life without a Y chromosome. The Japanese spiny rat has been found to be genetically capable of developing male traits even without its Y chromosome. This discovery suggests that natural selection could promote an alternative trigger for testis development in humans.
However, the loss of the Y chromosome also has benefits. Some immune cells that are critical for fighting cancer become weaker when the Y chromosome is absent, making cancer more difficult to treat.
To mitigate these risks, experts recommend avoiding mutagens, quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and staying informed about new research on the Y chromosome. While the future of human reproduction remains uncertain, taking steps to protect one’s health may help to minimize potential damage.
Source: https://www.earth.com/news/y-chromosome-is-disappearing-may-already-be-causing-problems-for-men